For a long time, venous thrombosis was primarily considered a disease affecting the older generation. However, due to changes in lifestyle, working conditions, and other risk factors, more and more young people are now facing this serious condition. Therefore, all age groups must be aware of the different forms of thrombosis, recognize the symptoms as early as possible, and take preventive measures.

Types and Symptoms of Venous Thrombosis
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) can be either provoked or unprovoked. Provoked VTE is caused by factors such as prolonged immobility, chronic illness, or orthopedic and trauma-related surgeries. Unprovoked VTE, on the other hand, is primarily linked to inherited factors and genetic abnormalities. Both types can affect individuals of any age group.
1. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
Deep vein thrombosis refers to forming a blood clot in the deep veins of the lower or upper limbs, most commonly in the legs. The danger lies not only in obstructing blood flow from the lower extremities, potentially causing swelling and tissue death, but also in the risk of fragments breaking off and traveling through the bloodstream to the lungs. Symptoms of DVT include:
Leg swelling – The affected leg, especially around the ankle and calf, may become swollen, often affecting only one leg.
Pain or tenderness – Usually felt in the calf or thigh, with increased intensity during movement, such as walking.
Redness and warmth – The skin over the affected area may become red and feel warmer than the surrounding tissue.
Skin tightness and shine – The skin on the affected limb may appear stretched and glossy.
DVT symptoms can be mild, unusual, or even absent. However, if any of these symptoms appear suddenly, medical attention should be sought immediately.
2. Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Pulmonary embolism most commonly occurs when a blood clot, typically from the thigh or pelvic region, breaks loose and travels through the venous system to the pulmonary arteries, blocking them. Often, the patient is unaware of any issues in their legs before experiencing the following symptoms:
Shortness of breath – Usually sudden in onset and may persist even at rest.
Chest pain – Sharp or stabbing pain, often worsening with deep breaths, coughing, or bending forward.
Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) – The heart beats faster to compensate for the lack of oxygen.
Coughing – Often dry but may sometimes produce bloody sputum.
Dizziness or fainting – Due to oxygen deprivation, dizziness, fainting, or loss of consciousness can occur.
Cold sweat and anxiety – Many people experience cold sweat and intense anxiety triggered by breathlessness and chest pain.
Since pulmonary embolism can escalate quickly, immediate medical intervention is necessary if these symptoms arise.
3. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT)
Cerebral venous thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in the brain's veins or venous sinuses, differing from the more commonly known arterial stroke. CVT can affect individuals of any age and is more frequently observed in younger women. Symptoms vary depending on which area of the brain is affected, but common signs include:
Severe headache – Often sudden in onset and progressively worsening.
Visual disturbances – Blurred vision, double vision, partial vision loss, or temporary blindness.
Dizziness and balance issues – These symptoms may occur if the clot affects areas responsible for equilibrium.
Seizures – Oxygen deprivation in the brain cells can trigger seizures, often serving as early warning signs.
Muscle weakness or numbness – If one side of the brain is affected, muscle weakness or numbness may occur on the opposite side of the body, including the face, arms, and legs.
Recognizing CVT symptoms early and seeking prompt medical treatment is vital to prevent severe neurological damage or life-threatening conditions.

How to Prevent Thrombosis
Preventing thrombosis is essential for all age groups, including individuals under 40. Since venous thrombosis is primarily related to blood clotting abnormalities, prevention focuses on maintaining proper blood circulation and minimizing risk factors. Effective prevention strategies include:
1. Medical Screenings and Genetic Testing
If thrombosis runs in the family, regular medical check-ups can help detect predisposing factors early. Genetic testing can identify specific risks, allowing doctors to recommend preventive treatments or lifestyle modifications.
For individuals who have previously experienced DVT or PE, regular monitoring with D-dimer tests and venous duplex scans is necessary. Those with unprovoked VTE should also undergo a thrombophilia genetic panel examination.

2. Medication-Based Prevention
Doctors may prescribe anticoagulant medications in cases of high thrombosis risk (e.g., post-surgery or prolonged immobility). These drugs reduce the likelihood of clot formation but must be taken under strict medical supervision.
3. Regular Physical Activity
Exercise promotes healthy blood circulation and reduces the risk of clot formation. Even a daily 30-minute walk or light stretching is beneficial, especially for individuals with sedentary jobs or those who remain immobile for long periods.
4. Hydration
Proper fluid intake prevents blood from thickening, which can increase clotting risk. Drinking enough water daily, particularly in hot weather or during physical activity, is crucial.
5. Quitting Smoking
Smoking increases the tendency for blood clotting and damages blood vessels, raising the risk of thrombosis. Quitting smoking significantly lowers the chance of clot formation and improves overall vascular health.
6. Healthy Nutrition
A balanced diet rich in nutrients—including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and omega-3 fatty acids from fish—supports vascular health, reduces cholesterol levels, and lowers the risk of thrombosis.
7. Avoiding Prolonged Immobility
Extended periods of inactivity, such as long flights or car trips, can increase the risk of venous thrombosis. It is advisable to take breaks to stretch, move the legs, and perform circulation-boosting exercises. Compression stockings may also be beneficial during long journeys.
Screening and Prevention at Visegrádi40 Private Practice
Visegrádi40 Private Practice offers regular laboratory tests, duplex scan ultrasounds, and comprehensive thrombophilia genetic screening. Family screening is also recommended, as a family history of VTE may indicate an increased risk for other relatives.
Early detection and prevention can save lives, making awareness and proactive healthcare essential for everyone.
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